Review Article
Johansen MD, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the rise of Mycobacterium abscessus. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(7):392-407.
10.1038/s41579-020-0331-132086501Bhargava A, Bhargava M. Tuberculosis deaths are predictable and preventable: Comprehensive assessment and clinical care is the key. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2020;19:100155.
10.1016/j.jctube.2020.10015532211519PMC7082610Bagcchi S. WHO's Global Tuberculosis Report 2022. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4(1):e20.
10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00359-736521512Dailloux M, Abalain ML, Laurain C, Lebrun L, Loos-Ayav C, Lozniewski A, et al. Respiratory infections associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria in non-HIV patients. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(6):1211-1215.
10.1183/09031936.0006380617138678Adjemian J, Olivier KN, Seitz AE, Holland SM, Prevots DR. Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(8):881-886.
10.1164/rccm.201111-2016OC22312016PMC3360574Harada K, Hagiya H, Funahashi T, Koyama T, Kano MR, Otsuka F. Trends in the Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Mortality Rate in Japan: A Nationwide Observational Study, 1997-2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(2):e321-e326.
10.1093/cid/ciaa81032556251Falkinham JO. 3rd. Environmental sources of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Chest Med. 2015;36(1):35-41.
10.1016/j.ccm.2014.10.00325676517Gopalaswamy R, Shanmugam S, Mondal R, Subbian S. Of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections - a comparative analysis of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Biomed Sci. 2020;27(1):74.
10.1186/s12929-020-00667-632552732PMC7297667Kim BJ, Hong SH, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Mycobacterium paragordonae sp. nov., a slowly growing, scotochromogenic species closely related to Mycobacterium gordonae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2014;64(Pt 1):39-45.
10.1099/ijs.0.051540-024006480Kim BJ, Kim BR, Kook YH, Kim BJ. A temperature sensitive Mycobacterium paragordonae induces enhanced protective immune responses against mycobacterial infections in the mouse model. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15230.
10.1038/s41598-017-15458-729123166PMC5680210Kim BJ, Jeong H, Seo H, Lee MH, Shin HM, Kim BJ. Recombinant Mycobacterium paragordonae Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain as a Vaccine Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Front Immunol. 2021;12:712274.
10.3389/fimmu.2021.71227434512635PMC8432291Kim BJ, Kim BR, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Potential of recombinant Mycobacterium paragordonae expressing HIV-1 Gag as a prime vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):15515.
10.1038/s41598-019-51875-631664100PMC6820866Lee MH, Kim BR, Seo H, Oh J, Kim HL, Kim BJ. Live Mycobacterium paragordonae induces heterologous immunity of natural killer cells by eliciting type I interferons from dendritic cells via STING-dependent sensing of cyclic-di-GMP. Microbes Infect. 2023;25(7):105144.
10.1016/j.micinf.2023.10514437120009Lee MH, Seo H, Lee MS, Kim BJ, Kim HL, Lee DH, et al. Protection against tuberculosis achieved by dissolving microneedle patches loaded with live Mycobacterium paragordonae in a BCG prime-boost strategy. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1178688.
10.3389/fimmu.2023.117868837398665PMC10312308Ziogas A, Netea MG. Trained immunity-related vaccines: innate immune memory and heterologous protection against infections. Trends Mol Med. 2022;28(6):497-512.
10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.00935466062Kim BJ, Cha GY, Kim BR, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Insights From the Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium paragordonae, a Potential Novel Live Vaccine for Preventing Mycobacterial Infections: The Putative Role of Type VII Secretion Systems for an Intracellular Lifestyle Within Free-Living Environmental Predators. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1524.
10.3389/fmicb.2019.0152431333625PMC6616192Pereira SG, Alarico S, Tiago I, Reis D, Nunes-Costa D, Cardoso O, et al. Studies of antimicrobial resistance in rare mycobacteria from a nosocomial environment. BMC Microbiol. 2019;19(1):62.
10.1186/s12866-019-1428-430890149PMC6425705Moradi S, Nasiri MJ, Pourahmad F, Darban-Sarokhalil D. Molecular characterization of nontuberculous mycobacteria in hospital waters: a two-year surveillance study in Tehran, Iran. J Water Health. 2019;17(2):350-356.
10.2166/wh.2019.29430942784Takajo I, Iwao C, Aratake M, Nakayama Y, Yamada A, Takeda N, et al. Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium paragordonae in a hospital: possible role of the aerator/rectifier connected to the faucet of the water supply system. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(4):545-551.
10.1016/j.jhin.2019.11.01431785317Arfaatabar M, Karami P, Khaledi A. An update on prevalence of slow-growing mycobacteria and rapid-growing mycobacteria retrieved from hospital water sources in Iran - a systematic review. Germs. 2021;11(1):97-104.
10.18683/germs.2021.124533898346PMC8057855Cheung CY, Cheng NHY, Ting WM, Chak WL. Mycobacterium paragordonae: a rare cause of peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient. Clin Nephrol. 2017;88(12):371-372.
10.5414/CN10927229057736Kaelin MB, Kuster SP, Hasse B, Schulthess B, Imkamp F, Halbe M, et al. Diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Heater-Cooler Devices - results from prospective surveillance. J Hosp Infect. 2020:S0195-6701(20)30105-5.
Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao J, Lai W, Zhao Y, Li Y, et al. Mycobacterium paragordonae is an emerging pathogen in human pulmonary disease: clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and outcomes. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022;11(1):1973-1981.
10.1080/22221751.2022.210345335916253PMC9364734Azadi D, Shojaei H, Pourchangiz M, Dibaj R, Davarpanah M, Naser AD. Species diversity and molecular characterization of nontuberculous mycobacteria in hospital water system of a developing country, Iran. Microb Pathog. 2016;100:62-69.
10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.00427616445Cohn ML, Waggoner RF, McClatchy JK. The 7H11 medium for the cultivation of mycobacteria. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968;98(2):295-296.
Hines N, Payeur JB, Hoffman LJ. Comparison of the recovery of Mycobacterium bovis isolates using the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, BACTEC 460 system, and Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 solid media. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006;18(3):243-250.
10.1177/10406387060180030216789711Bespyatykh JA, Manicheva OA, Smolyakov AV, Dogonadze MZ, Zhuravlev VY, Shitikov EA, et al. Influence of cultivation conditions on the proteomic profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV. Biomed Khim. 2017;63(4):334-340.
10.18097/PBMC2017630433428862605Cha GY, Seo H, Oh J, Kim BJ, Kim BJ. Potential Use of Mycobacterium paragordonae for Antimycobacterial Drug Screening Systems. J Microbiol. 2023;61(1):121-129.
10.1007/s12275-022-00009-136719620Pym AS, Brodin P, Majlessi L, Brosch R, Demangel C, Williams A, et al. Recombinant BCG exporting ESAT-6 confers enhanced protection against tuberculosis. Nat Med. 2003;9(5):533-539.
10.1038/nm85912692540Pooransingh S, Sakhamuri S. Need for BCG Vaccination to Prevent TB in High-Incidence Countries and Populations. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(3):624-625.
10.3201/eid2603.19123231922950PMC7045831Stoitzner P, Tripp CH, Douillard P, Saeland S, Romani N. Migratory Langerhans cells in mouse lymph nodes in steady state and inflammation. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(1):116-125.
10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23757.x15982311Kissenpfennig A, Henri S, Dubois B, Laplace-Builhé C, Perrin P, Romani N, et al. Dynamics and function of Langerhans cells in vivo: dermal dendritic cells colonize lymph node areas distinct from slower migrating Langerhans cells. Immunity. 2005;22(5):643-654.
10.1016/j.immuni.2005.04.00415894281Han SJ, Song T, Cho YJ, Kim JS, Choi SY, Bang HE, et al. Complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis K from a Korean high school outbreak, belonging to the Beijing family. Stand Genomic Sci. 2015;10:78.
10.1186/s40793-015-0071-426473025PMC4606834Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F, Joosten LA, Ifrim DC, Saeed S, et al. Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(43):17537-17542.
10.1073/pnas.120287010922988082PMC3491454Tarancón R, Domínguez-Andrés J, Uranga S, Ferreira AV, Groh LA, Domenech M, et al. New live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine MTBVAC induces trained immunity and confers protection against experimental lethal pneumonia. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(4):e1008404.
10.1371/journal.ppat.100840432240273PMC7117655Mata E, Tarancon R, Guerrero C, Moreo E, Moreau F, Uranga S, et al. Pulmonary BCG induces lung-resident macrophage activation and confers long-term protection against tuberculosis. Sci Immunol. 2021;6(63):eabc2934.
10.1126/sciimmunol.abc293434559551Leentjens J, Kox M, Stokman R, Gerretsen J, Diavatopoulos DA, van Crevel R, et al. BCG Vaccination Enhances the Immunogenicity of Subsequent Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Infect Dis. 2015;212(12):1930-1938.
10.1093/infdis/jiv33226071565Mukherjee S, Subramaniam R, Chen H, Smith A, Keshava S, Shams H. Boosting efferocytosis in alveolar space using BCG vaccine to protect host against influenza pneumonia. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0180143.
10.1371/journal.pone.018014328686604PMC5501455Spencer JC, Ganguly R, Waldman RH. Nonspecific protection of mice against influenza virus infection by local or systemic immunization with Bacille Calmette-Guérin. J Infect Dis. 1977;136(2):171-175.
10.1093/infdis/136.2.171894076Arts RJW, Moorlag S, Novakovic B, Li Y, Wang SY, Oosting M, et al. BCG Vaccination Protects against Experimental Viral Infection in Humans through the Induction of Cytokines Associated with Trained Immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;23(1):89-100.e5.
10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.01029324233Burdette DL, Monroe KM, Sotelo-Troha K, Iwig JS, Eckert B, Hyodo M, et al. STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 2011;478(7370):515-518.
10.1038/nature1042921947006PMC3203314Chang WL, Barry PA, Szubin R, Wang D, Baumgarth N. Human cytomegalovirus suppresses type I interferon secretion by plasmacytoid dendritic cells through its interleukin 10 homolog. Virology. 2009;390(2):330-337.
10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.01319524994PMC2747589Madera S, Rapp M, Firth MA, Beilke JN, Lanier LL, Sun JC. Type I IFN promotes NK cell expansion during viral infection by protecting NK cells against fratricide. J Exp Med. 2016;213(2):225-233.
10.1084/jem.2015071226755706PMC4749923Lee SY, Yang SB, Choi YM, Oh SJ, Kim BJ, Kook YH, et al. Heat-killed Mycobacterium paragordonae therapy exerts an anti-cancer immune response via enhanced immune cell mediated oncolytic activity in xenograft mice model. Cancer Lett. 2020;472:142-150.
10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.02831874244Azadi D, Shojaei H, Mobasherizadeh S, Naser AD. Screening, isolation and molecular identification of biodegrading mycobacteria from Iranian ecosystems and analysis of their biodegradation activity. AMB Express. 2017;7(1):180.
10.1186/s13568-017-0472-428933031PMC5607059Rivera-Calzada A, Famelis N, Llorca O, Geibel S. Type VII secretion systems: structure, functions and transport models. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(9):567-584.
10.1038/s41579-021-00560-534040228Shen Y, Haig SJ, Prussin AJ, 2nd, LiPuma JJ, Marr LC, Raskin L. Shower water contributes viable nontuberculous mycobacteria to indoor air. PNAS Nexus. 2022;1(5):pgac145.
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac14536712351PMC9802317Maleki MR, Kafil HS, Harzandi N, Moaddab SR. Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from hospital water by sequence analysis of the hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes. J Water Health. 2017;15(5):766-774.
10.2166/wh.2017.04629040079Machida Y, Tang BCC, Yamada M, Sato S, Nakajima K, Matoyama H, et al. Mycobacteriosis in cultured koi carp Cyprinus carpio caused by Mycobacterium paragordonae and two Mycolicibacterium spp. Aquaculture. 2021;539:736656.
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736656Jinah R, Ryan T, Sibbald M. A Case of Pericarditis and Pericardial Masses Associated With Mycobacterium paragordonae. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2023;17:11795468231189039.
10.1177/1179546823118903937637260PMC10460162Zou Y, Wu YC, Korman A. S2714 Case Report: Mycobacterium paragordonae Associated Crohn's Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2022;117(10S):e1787.
10.14309/01.ajg.0000867496.96241.cbKarim A, Fnu Z. MYCOBACTERIUM PARAGORDONEA: A CAUSE OF HEMOPTYSIS? Monday Medical Student/Resident Case Report Posters. 2019;156(4).
10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.729Tan YZ, Yuan T, Tan L, Tian YQ, Long YZ. Lumbar infection caused by Mycobacterium paragordonae: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(29):8879-8887.
10.12998/wjcc.v9.i29.887934734070PMC8546838- Publisher :The Korean Society for Microbiology and The Korean Society of Virology
- Publisher(Ko) :대한미생물학회‧대한바이러스학회
- Journal Title :JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
- Volume : 54
- No :4
- Pages :273-283
- Received Date : 2024-08-26
- Revised Date : 2024-10-02
- Accepted Date : 2024-10-07
- DOI :https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2024.54.4.273