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Review Article
- Eravacycline, the First and Unique Fluorocycline Antibacterial Agent
- Mohammad Saydur Rahman, Sharmila Sultana Shathi, G M Al Amin, Fatema Akhter, Md Ferdaus Azam, Sonia Akter, Md Ariful Islam, A K Azad, Young-Sang Koh
- Fluorocycline has been approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in nosocomial infections. Especially, …
- Fluorocycline has been approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in nosocomial infections. Especially, eravacycline is a unique synthetic fluorocycline antibacterial agent that belongs to the tetracycline class. It acts against multidrug- resistant microorganisms such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-generating bacteria. Representing the most advanced class of tetracyclines, eravacycline demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. It can be an excellent replacement for carbapenem in treating β-lactam-induced allergic patients owing to its activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains. Furthermore, it exhibits efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and many atypical pathogens for which carbapenems have shown a dispiriting effect. In vitro, eravacycline was effective against a broad spectrum of clinically related gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that express acquired resistance mechanisms toward the standard tetracycline classes. The intravenous dosage form of eravacycline has been used in many countries, including the USA and the EU, for treating cIAIs with severe complications in hospitalized patients (aged ≥ 18). Its greater efficacy and superior tolerability index compared with other tetracycline- class drugs (such as tigecycline) make it the best option for treating cIAIs. Its broad-spectrum activity against the most common clinically related pathogens makes it unique compared with its other analogs. Thus, it has become a practical choice as an empirical therapy for the treatment of pathogens. In this review, we address the possibility of employing eravacycline to treat bacterial infections, focusing on its chemistry, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, treatment indications, adverse effects, and safety profiles. - COLLAPSE
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Review Article
- Challenges and Emerging Molecular Approaches in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance
- Gene Philip Levee Ynion, Christian Jay Rosal, Arvin Zulueta, Angelo Ordanel, Christopher Marlowe Caipang
- Antimicrobial agents have been a crucial discovery in modern medicine and have revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the rampant overuse …
- Antimicrobial agents have been a crucial discovery in modern medicine and have revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the rampant overuse and misuse of these agents have resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a global public health crisis that could lead to millions of deaths and severe economic losses. The dramatic rise in the occurrence of AMR-related deaths marks the beginning of the “post-antibiotic era.” As experts continue to work on devising new strategies that circumvent the development of AMR, focusing on a deeper understanding of the molecular factors that contribute to the persistence and transmission of resistance is the key approach in designing new therapeutic targets. This paper explores the various strategies that bacteria employ to evade the effects of antibiotics and provides an overview of the challenges in treating multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug-resistant (MDR)-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MDR- Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerging strategies for addressing antibiotic resistance, such as nanomaterials-based antimicrobials and CRISPR-Cas9 technology are also elucidated. - COLLAPSE
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Original Article
- Detection and Genotyping of Coxiella-like Endosymbionts in Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis Ticks Infesting Pets and Livestock in Puducherry, India
- Panneer Devaraju, Aravindhan Appakannu Gopal, Waseema Arif, Lakshmy Srinivasan, Terence Nathan Anthony, Mathivanan Ashokkumar
- Ticks are obligate blood-feeders that are vectors for several pathogens of public health and veterinary importance. Ticks were reported to have endosymbionts …
- Ticks are obligate blood-feeders that are vectors for several pathogens of public health and veterinary importance. Ticks were reported to have endosymbionts such as Coxiella-like, Francisella-like, Midichloria mitochondrii, Wolbachia, etc. With limited data on endosymbionts in ticks from India, we explored the endosymbiont diversity in ticks infesting the pets and livestock in Puducherry. Ectoparasites were collected from pet and domestic animals in 11 veterinary dispensaries between August to September 2022 and identified by taxonomical keys and sequencing of 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and Cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes. Wolbachia, Coxiella-like, Francisella-like and Midichloria mitochondrii endosymbionts were screened by PCR and their presence was confirmed by sequencing. A total of 984 ectoparasites including 5 tick, 3 lice, and 1 flea species were retrieved from 304 animals. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks were positive for the presence of Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLEs) clustering under the clades B and C. Further, vertical transmission of CLEs in the field-collected R. sanguineus ticks was also demonstrated. This study offers an overview of the endosymbionts harbored by ticks in Puducherry with the first report of CLEs in H. bispinosa ticks and the transovarial transmission of endosymbionts in R. sanguineus ticks. - COLLAPSE
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Original Article
- Saucernetin-8 from Schisandra chinensis as a Potent Antiviral Agent Against Coxsackievirus B3
- Hwa-Jung Choi
- Various plants have been studied for their therapeutic potential to treat virus- induced diseases. This study aimed to investigate in vitro anti-coxsackievirus …
- Various plants have been studied for their therapeutic potential to treat virus- induced diseases. This study aimed to investigate in vitro anti-coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) effect of saucernetin-8 isolated from Schisandra chinensis and mode of its action. The action of saucernetin-8 on CVB3 proliferation, the effect of saucernetin-8 on VP3 protein, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and expression levels of STING/p-STING/IRF3/p-IRF3 were investigated by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Saucernetin-8 exhibited over 60% inhibition of CVB3-induced cytotoxicity at a concentration of 0.4 μg/mL. Saucernetin-8 completely suppressed viral genome replication at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Furthermore, saucernetin-8 inhibited the expression of VP3, the capsid protein of CVB3, by approximately 50% at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Immunofluorescence assay showed that saucernetin-8 inhibited VP3 expression by approximately 50%. Saucernetin-8 increased mtROS levels in CVB3-infected Vero cells. The STING/IRF3 pathway is activated in cells treated with saucernetin-8. Therefore, saucernetin-8 is a candidate for development of antivirals against CVB3. - COLLAPSE
Journal Informaiton
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
The Korean Society for Microbiology and The Korean Society of Virology
대한미생물학회‧대한바이러스학회
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Tel: +82-02-887-3062 / Fax: +82-02-887-3063 / E-mail: ksm@ksmkorea.org Copyright© The Korean Society for Microbiology and The Korean Society of Virology. Powered by APUB